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No kahi mea hana kiʻi kiʻi ʻokoʻa, e koho mai nā ʻāpana maikaʻi loa o nā lāʻau Graphite
Shawn Hempel — stock.adobe.com Pono e loaʻa i ka hapa nui o nā studio, ʻo nā lāʻau graphite nā mea hana i makemake ʻia no ke kiʻi kiʻi, kiʻi kiʻi, hoʻololi i nā kiʻi, a me nā mea hou aku. ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻomalu ʻana ma mua o kona hoahānau, ka lanahu, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi, a ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī. A hāʻawi ʻo ia i kahi ākea ākea o nā paʻi ma mua o kona pili pili lāʻau, ka penikala. Ma ke ʻano lāʻau, ua hui pū ʻia ka graphite pauka me kahi mea paʻa, ʻo ka nui o ia mea e hoʻoholo ai i kona paʻakikī. Nui nā kumu e makemake ai i hoʻokahi ʻano lāʻau ma mua o kekahi, ʻo ka hapa nui o ia mau mea. Hiki i kā mākou mau koho ke kōkua iā ʻoe e hoʻoholo i ka mea e lilo i mea punahele ponoʻī iā ʻoe.
1. Lira Graphite Laau
He mea maʻalahi ke ʻike i ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana o nā lāʻau hexagonal o Lyra. E like me nā penikala a me ka nui o ka penikala chunky, kūpono lākou i ka lima, a ua wahī ʻia kēlā me kēia me ka pepa peelable e hōʻemi ai i ka pōʻino. Paʻa a maʻalahi hoʻi e hoʻokala, haʻalele lākou i nā kaha ʻeleʻele e hele mālie a loaʻa ka ʻulaʻula maʻalahi. Makemake nui mākou i kēia mau lāʻau no ka mea hiki iā ʻoe ke koho ma waena o kahi ʻano wai ʻole a me kahi ʻano hoʻoheheʻe wai-ʻo ia ka mea e hui maikaʻi me ka wai e hana i nā leo nani a me ka hohonu. Hele mai kēia pūʻulu me ʻekolu lāʻau hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai ma nā māka 2B, 6B, a me 9B. 
2. Art Graf Water-Soluble Graphite
ʻO nā lāʻau o Art Graf he graphite premium hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai i kūpono no ka noiʻi waiwai a i ʻole ka pena ea plein. Hele mai lākou mai Viarco, he ʻoihana ʻohana ma ka ʻĀkau Pokukala e hana ana i nā mea kiʻi kiʻi kiʻekiʻe mai ka makahiki 1907, a ua hui pū ʻia me ka graphite a me nā mea hoʻopili. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻohana maloʻo, akā ʻālohilohi maoli lākou ke hui pū ʻia me ka wai: e hoʻohana iā lākou e like me ke kala wai paʻa ma ka pulu ʻana i kahi pulupulu a laila hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka graphite e pena i nā hana tonal kupaianaha. Aia kēia pūʻulu i ʻelua lāʻau graphite. 
3. Prima Ke kūʻai aku nei i ka wai-soluble graphite lāʻau
Inā ʻoe e ʻimi nei i nā māka paʻakikī like ʻole, e noʻonoʻo i nā lāʻau graphite a Prima Marketing, i loaʻa i loko o kahi ʻeke ʻeono o nā māka 2B, 4B, 6B, 8B, 10B, a me 12B. E like me ke ʻano o ka huahana a Lyra, he paona maikaʻi kēia mau lāʻau like me ka penikala iā lākou a waiho i lalo i nā laina ikaika. Loaʻa iā lākou ka manaʻo penikala a me ka hopena ma mua o kā mākou koho ʻē aʻe, akā ʻo ka mea palupalu loa, 12B, hiki ke loaʻa i kahi ʻeleʻele me ka ʻike hohonu. Ma muli o ka hoʻoheheʻe wai, maikaʻi nō hoʻi lākou no ka hana ʻana i nā hōʻailona waiwai e like me ka leo me kahi holoi ʻīnika. 
4. Na Laau Graphite Compressed a General
ʻO kēia mau lāʻau palahalaha a ākea ka nani loa. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ko lākou ʻaoʻao no ka hana laina, a i ʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohuli iā lākou ma ko lākou ʻaoʻao e malu maʻalahi i nā wahi nui me ka wikiwiki, ākea ākea. ʻAʻole maikaʻi kēia no ke kiʻi kiʻi ʻana akā no ka hoʻoili ʻana a me ka ʻōpala. ʻOiai ʻo ko lākou slimness, ua ikaika lākou e kū i ke kaomi paʻa. Aia i loko o kēia pūʻulu ʻekolu lāʻau i nā māka 2B, 4B, a me 6B pono. 
5. Derwent XL Graphite Blocks
Inā makemake ʻoe e hoʻohui i kekahi kala i kāu hana graphite, hāʻawi ʻo Derwent i kēia mau poloka chunky satisfyingly i hele mai i loko o kahi pūʻulu o nā hue lepo. Aia kēia pūʻulu i ʻehā lāʻau ma Olive Green, Dark Prussian, Raw Umber, a me Burnt Umber me ʻelua mau lāʻau kūlohelohe i helu ʻia he palupalu a palupalu loa. ʻO kēlā me kēia ma luna o 2 ʻīniha wale nō ka lōʻihi a ʻo nā hiʻohiʻona e hoʻopau i ke ana like ʻole? iniha huinaha; e like me ka huahana General, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana iā lākou e uhi wikiwiki i nā wahi nui a i ʻole e hoʻohana i nā ʻaoʻao a me nā kihi no nā kaha ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi. E like me ka nui o kā mākou mau koho ʻē aʻe, hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai a hiki ke hana i nā waihoʻoluʻu ʻōniʻoniʻo me kahi aniani maʻalahi ke pulu. 
Na Mea Kiʻi & Mea Kiʻi | Poakolu 24 Iune 2020
ʻOi aku ka nui o ke kaha kiʻi me ka graphite ma mua o ka penikala haʻahaʻa. E ʻike i nā mea hou aʻe ma kēia alakaʻi no ka mea hoʻomaka i ka media e ka mea pena kiʻi a me ke kumu aʻo kiʻi ʻo Jake Spicer
Ma hope o ka ʻike ʻia ʻana o ka graphite mua i ʻeli ʻia ma Cumbria i nā makahiki he 500 i hala aku nei, ua loaʻa koke ka paheʻe, ke kala-hinahina koʻikoʻi i mea noi ma ke ʻano he mea hana hōʻailona, e pani ana i ka media kiʻi kikoʻai a hoʻokūkū i kona mau hoahānau kahiko loa, ka lanahu a me ka inika. ʻOiai ke kuhi hewa ʻole o ka ‘lead’, ua hana ʻia nā kiko penikala hou mai ka hui ʻana o ka graphite maʻemaʻe a me ka pālolo – ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka pālolo, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka penikala. Manaʻo ʻia kēia ʻatikala e hoʻonui i kāu mau graphite ma mua o ka penikala maʻalahi, e ʻimi ana i ka honua o nā penikala mechanical, clutch a me nā penikala graphite paʻa.
He aha nā ʻano like ʻole o ka graphite?
Eia nā ʻano nui ʻelima o ka graphite, a me nā pono a me nā pōʻino o ka hoʻohana ʻana iā lākou.
1. Penikala Mechanical
Loaʻa i nā penikala mechanical nā cores maikaʻi loa i loaʻa ma nā papa paʻakikī. Ma muli o ko lākou anana liʻiliʻi ʻaʻole pono lākou e hoʻokala, e hoʻolilo iā lākou i mea kūpono no ke kaha kiʻi ʻenehana a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻole ʻia, kiʻi laina laina.
2. Penikala
ʻO ka penikala maʻamau i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka lāʻau, ʻo ia kā mākou mea hana kiʻi kiʻi nui loa. Loaʻa i nā māka piha he mea maʻalahi, lōʻihi a kūʻai aku – mai poina wale i kāu ʻoi.
3. Paʻa Graphite
Ke ulu nui nei nā lāʻau graphite paʻa, ma ke ʻano he ʻilika a i ʻole ka pepa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i nā lāʻau, a i ʻole ke kumu no ka penikala paʻa – he plastic a i ʻole ka pahu metala hiki ke hoʻohana hou i nā penikala no ka mālama mau ʻana a me ka ikaika.
4. Paleka Graphite
ʻO nā poloka o ka graphite palupalu e ʻae i nā paʻi wiwo ʻole a ākea. ʻO ke ʻano a me ka nui e paipai iā ʻoe e haʻalele i nā kuʻina o ka manamana lima a me ka lima lima, e wehe ana i kahi pilina hou me ka pepa.
5. Pada Graphite
Hiki ke kūʻai ʻia ka graphite pauka i loko o nā ʻeke a i ʻole nā ipu a i ʻole i hana ʻia e ka lima – hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i ka pestle a me ka mortar e wili ai i ka graphite paʻa i ka pauka, a i ʻole e hōʻiliʻili wale i nā koi mai kāu mau lāʻau graphite paʻa i loko o ka ipu.
He aha ka graphite e pono iaʻu ke hoʻohana?
Ke koho ʻana i ke ʻano graphite kūpono no kāu kaha kiʻi, ʻelua mau nīnau koʻikoʻi e nīnau iā ʻoe iho. ʻO ka mea mua, he aha ka mānoanoa o ke kumu i kūpono i kāu hana? ʻO nā penikala mīkini he ʻuʻuku liʻiliʻi, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā penikala, a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka graphite paʻa. ʻO ka nīnau ʻē aʻe ʻo Shakespearean: 2B, ʻaʻole 2B? I nā huaʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, he aha ka papa penikala i kūpono i kāu kumu?
He aha nā māka ʻokoʻa o ka penikala?
Hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā penikala a me nā lāʻau graphite a nā mea pena ma ka pālākiō HB. ʻO ka ‘B’ no ka ʻeleʻele a me ka ‘H’ no ka paʻakikī. ʻO 9B ka papa haʻahaʻa loa a ʻo 9H ka penikala paʻakikī loa. Noho ʻo HB i waenakonu o ka pālākiō, i kekahi manawa me kahi penikala ‘F’ (a i ʻole ‘maikaʻi’) kokoke i kahi HB/B. He mea maikaʻi nā penikala B no ke kiʻi ʻana akā maʻalahi hoʻi, ʻoiai ʻo ka penikala H e mālama i kahi kikoʻoi aku no ka lōʻihi a hoʻohana mau ʻia no ke kaha kiʻi ʻenehana. ʻOiai ke hāʻawi aku nei nā penikala B ʻoi aku ka laulaʻa, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o nā penikala H paʻakikī, no laila hiki i kahi kiʻi kiʻi ke hoʻohana i kekahi mau penikala e hana i nā ʻano tonal like ʻole.
He aha nā penikala maikaʻi loa?
E hoʻohana nā mea hana penikala like ʻole i nā ʻano like ʻole o ka graphite a me ka pālolo e hana i kā lākou penikala; Hiki ke hana ʻia nā penikala haʻahaʻa mai ka lāʻau kedera maikaʻi ʻole a i ʻole nā kiko graphite like ʻole o nā ʻano like ʻole a me ke ʻano. ʻAʻohe ana ākea e pili ana i ka pōʻeleʻele o kahi papa penikala – ua hoʻoholo ʻia ma ka ʻae like ʻana o nā mea hoʻohana, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻaʻole hoʻohālikelike pololei nā ʻāpana āpau a ʻaʻole nā hui āpau e hoʻopuka i kahi pae HB piha. Hōʻike nā pae tonal ma luna i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana o ʻehā mau penikala kaulana. ʻO nā penikala Derwent i hōʻike i ka laulā nui loa, ʻo nā penikala Koh-I-Noor ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka waiho ʻana i ka graphite a ʻoi aku ka ʻeleʻele o ka Staedtler ma nā papa āpau. E hoʻāʻo e ʻimi i nā penikala āu e makemake ai ma mua o ka hoʻoholo ʻana i hoʻokahi brand. E ʻike i nā ʻano penikala maikaʻi loa no ke kahakaha ʻana.
He aha ke ala maikaʻi e hoʻokala ai i ka graphite?
No nā hualoaʻa maikaʻi loa, e mālama mau i kāu penikala a i ʻole ka lāʻau graphite i ʻoi. E koho i kahi hoʻokala penikala e hāʻawi iā ʻoe i ka lōʻihi o ke kiko āu e makemake ai. E like me ka pahi a i ʻole ka ʻoi maʻamau, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻāʻo i kahi høvel – kahi mokulele lima hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hoʻokō i kekahi kihi o ke kiko e pono ai. E makaʻala ʻo ka hoʻokala ʻana i nā penikala graphite paʻa ma luna o ka penikala maʻamau e ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o ka maka ma mua o ka penikala lāʻau – no ka graphite paʻa, e hoʻāʻo e hamo i ka piko ma ka pepa one e loaʻa ai kahi kiko.
Pehea e kaha ai au me ka graphite?
E aʻo pehea e hoʻohui ai i nā ʻano like ʻole o ka graphite i loko o ke kaha kiʻi ola hoʻokahi me kēia mau ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo ʻelima.
1. ka pauka graphite
Hoʻopili ʻia ka pauka graphite 4B me ka manamana lima
2. Laau graphite
Hāʻawi ka lāʻau graphite 2B i nā hōʻailona lohi, hilinaʻi a ʻokoʻa
3. Penikala
Hōʻike ʻia ke ʻano a me ke ʻano ma nā laina penikala 2B laina
4. Penikala mīkini
ʻO ke ʻano lauoho maikaʻi i huki ʻia me kahi 0.7mm HB
5. Holoi
Hana ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona ma ka holoi ʻana i nā kaha graphite
E heluhelu hou:
- Pehea e kaha ai me ka lanahu
- Pehea e kaha ai me ka inika
- Pehea e kaha ai me ka peni
No ka ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo hou loa e pili ana i nā mea hana noʻeau a me nā ʻenehana i hāʻawi pololei ʻia iā ʻoe i kēlā me kēia mahina, e kau inoa i ka makasina Artists & Illustrators.
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